Fisica | ELEMENTS OF BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS

cod. 0512600028

ELEMENTS OF BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS

	0512600028
	DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA "E.R. CAIANIELLO"
	EQF6
	PHYSICS
	2017/2018

PERCORSO COMUNE

	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	FIS/07	6	48	LESSONS	OPTIONAL SUBJECTS

	Objectives
	THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE A FIRST APPROACH TO PHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN HEALTH CARE. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE COURSE INTENDS TO PROVIDE A CONCISE AND SUITABLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASICS OF MEDICAL PHYSICS, WITH APPLICATIONS IN DIAGNOSTIC AND/OR THERAPEUTIC USE OF IONIZING RADIATION, ULTRASOUND AND MAGNETIC FIELDS. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: THE COURSE AIMS TO MAKE THE STUDENT ABLE TO ASSIMILATE THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND TO APPLY IT TO PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL PHYSICS SUCH AS THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORBED DOSE.

THE COURSE AIMS TO PROVIDE A FIRST APPROACH TO PHYSICAL PROBLEMS IN HEALTH CARE.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE COURSE INTENDS TO PROVIDE A CONCISE AND SUITABLE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASICS OF MEDICAL PHYSICS, WITH APPLICATIONS IN DIAGNOSTIC AND/OR THERAPEUTIC USE OF IONIZING RADIATION, ULTRASOUND AND MAGNETIC FIELDS.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE COURSE AIMS TO MAKE THE STUDENT ABLE TO ASSIMILATE THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE AND TO APPLY IT TO PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL PHYSICS SUCH AS THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ABSORBED DOSE.

	Prerequisites
	KNOWLEDGE OF CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM

	Contents
	DOSIMETRIC UNITS: INTERACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTER. RADIATION DOSE AND UNITS. RADIOMETRIC QUANTITIES. RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE. LINK BETWEEN KERMA AND RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE. LINK BETWEEN RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE AND EXPOSURE. RADIATION DOSE EQUIVALENT THE RADIOLOGICAL SYSTEM: GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS. THE ELEMENTS OF A RADIOGEN TUBE: ANODE - CATHODE - FIRE - CUFFIA. LOAD CURVES. GRID TUBES. INHERENT FILTRATION. HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATORS. THE CONTROL TABLE. AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE DEVICES. RADIOLOGICAL IMAGE FORMATION MECHANISMS. RADIOLOGICAL IMAGE. DIRECT STABLE DOCUMENTATION: LATENT IMAGE. THE RADIOGRAPHIC FILM AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS. DETECTING MODE OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE. THE GRID. TYPES OF GRIDS. INDIRECT DIGITALIZATION SYSTEMS - COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (CR). PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS: CONTRAST - SPACE RESOLUTION - MTF - NOISE - SENSITIVITY - LATITUDE - VELO - OPTICAL SATURATION DENSITY THE ULTRASOUNDS: SOUND WAVES. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES THAT CHARACTERIZE SOUND WAVES. REFLECTION - REFRACTION - ABSORPTION - ATTENUATION. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT - TYPES OF TRANSDUCERS. PRODUCTION OF ULTRASOUNDS, ECOGRAPHY. ULTRASONIC FIELD - RESOLUTION - FOCUSING. DOPPLER EFFECT: CONTINUOUS DOPPLER, PULSE, COLOR DOPPLER. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS. COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY: THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF TOMOGRAPHY: THE LAW OF THE ATTENUATION. EVOLUTION OF EQUIPMENT. SYSTEM COMPONENTS: RADIOGEN TUBE - COLLIMATORS - DETECTORS - CONSOLE - COMPUTER. IMAGE ACQUISITION AND RECONSTRUCTION. TC NUMBERS. PIXEL - VOXEL - MATRIX. SPACE AND CONTRAST RESOLUTION. VISUALIZATION OF THE IMAGE. PROTOCOL FOR QUALITY CONTROLS IN TC. HINTS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE: ISOTOPES USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. SCINTIGRAPHY. PET. SPET MAGNETIC RESONANCE: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS IMAGING. SPECTROSCOPY. FAST SEQUENCES. HARDWARE: MAGNET, GRADIENT COILS, RADIO-FREQUENCY COILS, TRANSMISSION AND QUADRATURE RECEIVING. SAFETY IN MRI. SARS AND EXPOSURE LIMITS.

Contents

DOSIMETRIC UNITS:
INTERACTION OF IONIZING RADIATION WITH MATTER. RADIATION DOSE AND UNITS. RADIOMETRIC QUANTITIES. RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE. LINK BETWEEN KERMA AND RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE. LINK BETWEEN RADIATION ABSORBED DOSE AND EXPOSURE. RADIATION DOSE EQUIVALENT

THE RADIOLOGICAL SYSTEM:
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE PRODUCTION OF X-RAYS. THE ELEMENTS OF A RADIOGEN TUBE: ANODE - CATHODE - FIRE - CUFFIA. LOAD CURVES. GRID TUBES. INHERENT FILTRATION. HIGH VOLTAGE GENERATORS. THE CONTROL TABLE. AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE DEVICES. RADIOLOGICAL IMAGE FORMATION
MECHANISMS. RADIOLOGICAL IMAGE. DIRECT STABLE DOCUMENTATION: LATENT IMAGE. THE RADIOGRAPHIC FILM AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS. DETECTING MODE OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE. THE GRID. TYPES OF GRIDS. INDIRECT DIGITALIZATION SYSTEMS - COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY (CR). PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF RADIOGRAPHIC SYSTEMS: CONTRAST - SPACE RESOLUTION - MTF - NOISE - SENSITIVITY - LATITUDE - VELO - OPTICAL SATURATION DENSITY

THE ULTRASOUNDS:
SOUND WAVES. PHYSICAL QUANTITIES THAT CHARACTERIZE SOUND WAVES. REFLECTION - REFRACTION - ABSORPTION - ATTENUATION. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT - TYPES OF TRANSDUCERS. PRODUCTION OF ULTRASOUNDS, ECOGRAPHY.
ULTRASONIC FIELD - RESOLUTION - FOCUSING. DOPPLER EFFECT: CONTINUOUS DOPPLER, PULSE, COLOR DOPPLER. SPECTRAL ANALYSIS.

COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY:
THE PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF TOMOGRAPHY: THE LAW OF THE ATTENUATION. EVOLUTION OF EQUIPMENT. SYSTEM COMPONENTS: RADIOGEN TUBE - COLLIMATORS - DETECTORS - CONSOLE - COMPUTER. IMAGE ACQUISITION AND RECONSTRUCTION. TC NUMBERS. PIXEL - VOXEL - MATRIX. SPACE AND CONTRAST
RESOLUTION. VISUALIZATION OF THE IMAGE. PROTOCOL FOR QUALITY CONTROLS IN TC.

HINTS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE:
ISOTOPES USED IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE: CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. SCINTIGRAPHY. PET. SPET

MAGNETIC RESONANCE:
PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE DIAGNOSTICS IMAGING. SPECTROSCOPY. FAST SEQUENCES. HARDWARE: MAGNET, GRADIENT COILS, RADIO-FREQUENCY COILS, TRANSMISSION AND QUADRATURE RECEIVING. SAFETY IN MRI. SARS AND EXPOSURE LIMITS.

	Texts
	- FRANK HERBERT ATTIX “INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGICAL PHYSICS AND RADIATION DOSIMETRY” JOHN WILEY & SONS - J.E. COGGLE “EFFETTI DELLE RADIAZIONI” EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA - HAROLD ELFORD JOHNS, JOHN ROBERT CUNNINGHAM “THE PHYSICS OF RADIOLOGY” CHARLERS C THOMAS PUBLISHER LECTURE NOTES

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