Fisica | INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS

cod. 0512600034

INTRODUCTION TO SOLID STATE PHYSICS

	0512600034
	DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA "E.R. CAIANIELLO"
	EQF6
	PHYSICS
	2018/2019

PERCORSO COMUNE Cohort 2016/2017

	YEAR OF COURSE 3
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
FIS/03	4	32	LESSONS	OPTIONAL SUBJECTS
FIS/03	2	24	LAB	OPTIONAL SUBJECTS

PROFESSORS

	CANIO NOCE T Curriculum
	CARMINE ATTANASIO Curriculum

	Objectives
	KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY THE COURSE AIMS TO GIVES CONCEPTS AND BASIC IDEAS TO DESCRIBE THE SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES, AND IT INTRODUCES THE STRATEGY TO UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF MATERIALS AS WELL AS THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES USED. AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENTS WILL ALSO HAVE THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHODS OF CALCULATION OF THE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND THEY WILL KNOW THE MOST USED EXPERIMENTAL METHODS TO THE STUDY THE SOLIDS. IN ADDITION, THEY WILL UNDERSTAND THE APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGY, THE THEORIES INHERENTED AND THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATING OF THE MAIN DEVICES EMPLOYED. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING AT THE END OF THE COURSE THES STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED TO SOLVE SIMPLY PROBLEMS OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS. THEY WILL ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE TO THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ELECTRONIC/OPTICAL/STRUCTURAL/MAGNETIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND THEY WILL BE ABLE TO ASSESS THE ORDER OF GREATNESS, TO CARRY OUT ELEMENTARY CALCULATIONS AND TO SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS REGARDING THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING ABILITY
THE COURSE AIMS TO GIVES CONCEPTS AND BASIC IDEAS TO DESCRIBE THE SOLIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES, AND IT INTRODUCES THE STRATEGY TO UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS IN THE STUDY OF MATERIALS AS WELL AS THE EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES USED. AT THE END OF THE COURSE THE STUDENTS WILL ALSO HAVE THE BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHODS OF CALCULATION OF THE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND THEY WILL KNOW THE MOST USED EXPERIMENTAL METHODS TO THE STUDY THE SOLIDS. IN ADDITION, THEY WILL UNDERSTAND THE APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGY, THE THEORIES INHERENTED AND THE PRINCIPLES OF OPERATING OF THE MAIN DEVICES EMPLOYED.

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
AT THE END OF THE COURSE THES STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED TO SOLVE SIMPLY PROBLEMS OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS. THEY WILL ACQUIRE THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE TO THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ELECTRONIC/OPTICAL/STRUCTURAL/MAGNETIC AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AND THEY WILL BE ABLE TO ASSESS THE ORDER OF GREATNESS, TO CARRY OUT ELEMENTARY CALCULATIONS AND TO SOLVE SIMPLE PROBLEMS REGARDING THE PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS.

	Prerequisites
	THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDENTS MUST INCLUDE THE CLASSICAL PHYSICS (MECHANICS, THERMODYNAMICS, ELECTROMAGNETISM, OPTICS); ANALITYCAL MECHANICS AND ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM MECHANICS.

	Contents
	RECALL OF SOME CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: PARTICLE IN THE INFINITE POTENTIAL WELL IN ONE AND MORE DIMENSIONS; ENERGY LEVELS; PERIODICAL POTENTIALS; BLOCH THEOREM. (4 HOURS) EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES FOR THE STUDY OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES. (6 HOURS) THE BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION. LATTICES AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES. (4 HOURS) GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE FREE ELECTRON GAS. THE SOMMERFELD MODEL. DENSITY OF STATES. THE OHM LAW AND THE ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC HEAT. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (6 HOURS) ENERGY BANDS AND DYNAMICS OF BLOCH ELECTRONS. LACUNE AND THE EFFECTIVE MASS. METALS, SEMICONDUCTORS AND INSULATION. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (4 HOURS) ELECTRIC RESISTIVITY IN METALS. RESIDUAL RESISTIVITY. MATTHIESEN RULE. DEPENDENCE OF THE RESISTANCE ON THE TEMPERATURE. THE BLOCH-GRUNEISEN LAW. THE FOUR CONTACTS METHOD. THE OF VAN DER PAUWE METHOD. THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RESISTIVITY ON THE THICKNESS. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE DEBYE TEMPERATURE OF METALLIC THIN FILMS. THE MODELS OF FUCHS-SONDHEIMER AND MAYADAS. (10 HOURS) DIELECTRIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. PROPAGATION OF PLANE WAVES IN SOLIDS. THE KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS. SURFACE IMPEDANCE IN METALS. SKIN EFFECT AND ANOMALOUS SKIN EFFECT. (6 HOURS) CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS. QUANTIZATION OF CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS; MOMENT OF THE PHONONS. DISPERSION LAW OF THE PHONONS; DIFFUSION OF X-RAYS BY PHONONS. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (4 HOURS) THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INSULATORS: SPECIFIC HEAT DUE TO THE LATTICE AS A FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE; THE EINSTEIN AND DEBYE MODELS. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS.(4 HOURS) MAGNETISM: ORIGIN OF THE MAGNETIC MOMENTS; SPIN AND ORBITAL STATES; PARAMAGNETISM AND THE BRILLOUIN FUNCTION; THE CURIE LAW; MAGNETICALLY ORDERED STATES; HEISENBERG EXCHANGE FIELD AND WEISS FIELD. THEORY OF THE CRYSTALLINE FIELD. (6 HOURS) INTRODUCTION TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND TO SIMPLE THEORETICAL MODELS (THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTRODYNAMICS). EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS. (4 HOURS)

Contents

RECALL OF SOME CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: PARTICLE IN THE INFINITE POTENTIAL WELL IN ONE AND MORE DIMENSIONS; ENERGY LEVELS; PERIODICAL POTENTIALS; BLOCH THEOREM. (4 HOURS)

EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGIES FOR THE STUDY OF SOLID STATE PHYSICS: PHYSICAL PRINCIPLES AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES. (6 HOURS)

THE BORN-OPPENHEIMER APPROXIMATION. LATTICES AND CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURES. (4 HOURS)

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE FREE ELECTRON GAS. THE SOMMERFELD MODEL. DENSITY OF STATES. THE OHM LAW AND THE ELECTRONIC SPECIFIC HEAT. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (6 HOURS)

ENERGY BANDS AND DYNAMICS OF BLOCH ELECTRONS. LACUNE AND THE EFFECTIVE MASS. METALS, SEMICONDUCTORS AND INSULATION. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (4 HOURS)

ELECTRIC RESISTIVITY IN METALS. RESIDUAL RESISTIVITY. MATTHIESEN RULE. DEPENDENCE OF THE RESISTANCE ON THE TEMPERATURE. THE BLOCH-GRUNEISEN LAW. THE FOUR CONTACTS METHOD. THE OF VAN DER PAUWE METHOD. THE DEPENDENCE OF THE RESISTIVITY ON THE THICKNESS. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE DEBYE TEMPERATURE OF METALLIC THIN FILMS. THE MODELS OF FUCHS-SONDHEIMER AND MAYADAS. (10 HOURS)

DIELECTRIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. PROPAGATION OF PLANE WAVES IN SOLIDS. THE KRAMERS-KRONIG RELATIONS. SURFACE IMPEDANCE IN METALS. SKIN EFFECT AND ANOMALOUS SKIN EFFECT. (6 HOURS)

CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS. QUANTIZATION OF CRYSTAL VIBRATIONS; MOMENT OF THE PHONONS. DISPERSION LAW OF THE PHONONS; DIFFUSION OF X-RAYS BY PHONONS. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS. (4 HOURS)

THERMAL PROPERTIES OF INSULATORS: SPECIFIC HEAT DUE TO THE LATTICE AS A FUNCTION OF THE TEMPERATURE; THE EINSTEIN AND DEBYE MODELS. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS.(4 HOURS)

MAGNETISM: ORIGIN OF THE MAGNETIC MOMENTS; SPIN AND ORBITAL STATES; PARAMAGNETISM AND THE BRILLOUIN FUNCTION; THE CURIE LAW; MAGNETICALLY ORDERED STATES; HEISENBERG EXCHANGE FIELD AND WEISS FIELD. THEORY OF THE CRYSTALLINE FIELD. (6 HOURS)

INTRODUCTION TO THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND TO SIMPLE THEORETICAL MODELS (THERMODYNAMICS AND ELECTRODYNAMICS). EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY: ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS. (4 HOURS)

	Teaching Methods
	TEACHING ACTIVITIES WILL PROVIDE BOTH LECTURES AND LABORATORY ACTIVITIES. DURING THE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES, SIMPLE EXPERIMENTS, CONNECTED TO THE THEORETICAL TOPICS DISCUSSED DURING THE LESONS, WILL BE PERFORMED.

	Verification of learning
	THE VERIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE LEARNING LEVEL REACHED BY THE STUDENTS WILL BE REALIZED THROUGH A FINAL ORAL TEST. DURING THE THE ORAL TEST THE STUDENTS HAVE TO ANSWER TO A SERIES OF QUESTION ON THE CONTENT INDICATED IN THE PROGRAM AND PRESENTED DURING THE LESSONS. THE EXAM IS DEVOTED TO GET THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, CONSCIOUSNESS AND EXPOSURE CAPACITY OF THE STUDENTS. THE MINIMUM VOTE TO PASS THE EXAM IS 18/30. THE “LODE" WILL BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE STUDENTS WHO HAVE REACHED THE MAXIMUM VOTE OF 30/30 AND SHOW TO POSSESS THE ABILITY TO APPLY WITH AUTONOMY THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING THE LECTURES.

Verification of learning

THE VERIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF THE LEARNING LEVEL REACHED BY THE STUDENTS WILL BE REALIZED THROUGH A FINAL ORAL TEST. DURING THE THE ORAL TEST THE STUDENTS HAVE TO ANSWER TO A SERIES OF QUESTION ON THE CONTENT INDICATED IN THE PROGRAM AND PRESENTED DURING THE LESSONS. THE EXAM IS DEVOTED TO GET THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE, CONSCIOUSNESS AND EXPOSURE CAPACITY OF THE STUDENTS. THE MINIMUM VOTE TO PASS THE EXAM IS 18/30. THE “LODE" WILL BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE STUDENTS WHO HAVE REACHED THE MAXIMUM VOTE OF 30/30 AND SHOW TO POSSESS THE ABILITY TO APPLY WITH AUTONOMY THE KNOWLEDGE AND THE SKILLS ACQUIRED DURING THE LECTURES.

	Texts
	C. NOCE INTRODUZIONE ALLA FISICA MODERNA C. KITTEL, INTRODUZIONE ALLA FISICA DELLO STATO SOLIDO N.W.ASHCROFT, N.D.MERMIN, SOLID STATE PHYSICS F. BASSANI, U. M. GRASSANO, FISICA DELLO STATO SOLIDO R, VAGLIO ELEMENTI DI FISICA DELLO STATO SOLIDO PER L’INGEGNERIA