Scienze Ambientali | BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY

cod. 0512700011

BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY

	0512700011
	DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY "ADOLFO ZAMBELLI"
	EQF6
	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
	2020/2021

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	PRIMO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
1	BIOCHIMICA (MODULO DI BIOCHIMICA E MICROBIOLOGIA)
	BIO/10	6	48	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
2	MICROBIOLOGIA (MODULO DI BIOCHIMICA E MICROBIOLOGIA)
	BIO/19	4	32	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
	BIO/19	2	24	LAB	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	ANNA MARABOTTI1 T Curriculum
	GIOVANNI VIGLIOTTA2 Curriculum

	Objectives
	WITH THE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE THE STUDENT IS INTRODUCED INTO THE WORLD OF MICROORGANISMS, WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO PROKARYOTES, MAKING HIM UNDERSTAND THE MAIN ASPECTS THAT CHARACTERIZE IT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON HUMAN LIFE AND ACTIVITIES, AND ON THE ENVIRONMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE, 32 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSONS (4 CFU) AND 24 HOURS OF PRACTICAL LABORATORY (2 CFU), IS DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE DUBLIN 1 AND 2 DESCRIPTORS AND TO FORM AN INDEPENDENT AND CRITICAL STUDENT, ABLE TO FACE THE PRACTICAL STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. THE HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON HAVE SEVERAL PURPOSES: TO INFUSE THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR PHYLOGENY, ALSO FOR AN EASIER MEMORIZATION OF THE MAJOR MICROBIAL GROUPS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS; CLARIFY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS, IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THEIR STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; TO ACQUIRE THE CONCEPT OF NUTRITIONAL CLASS AND ENERGY METABOLISM, IN ORDER TO MEMORIZE AND UNDERSTAND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AND TO PREDICT THE IMPACT THAT MICROORGANISMS CAN EXERT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE LABORATORY IS TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED GRADUALLY DURING THE THEORETICAL LESSONS AND TO VERIFY THE COMPREHENSION SKILLS. DURING THIS PHASE THE BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY AND MANIPULATION OF MICROORGANISMS ARE ACQUIRED (PREPARATION OF GROWTH MEDIA, QUANTIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION, STUDY OF GROWTH, ISOLATION FROM DIFFERENT NATURAL AND NON-NATURAL MATRICES). MOREOVER, BY CARRYING OUT A MINI-PROJECT AT THE END OF THE MODULE, THE STUDENT IS FURTHER STIMULATED TO BECOME AUTONOMOUS THROUGH THE CORRECT APPLICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUES PREVIOUSLY LEARNED. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES IS VERIFIED DIRECTLY DURING THE LABORATORY HOURS FROM THE EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS AND THROUGH A REPORT MADE BY THE STUDENT, WHICH WILL BE CONSIDERED FOR THE AVERAGE SCORE IN THE FINAL EVALUATION TEST. THE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE AS STRUCTURED IS IN LINE WITH THE GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE DEGREE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND THOSE SPECIFIC TO THE RELATED GROUPING AS IT CONTRIBUTES TO THE FORMATION OF AN ADEQUATE BASIC CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, IT PROVIDES THE BASIC MICROBIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO FACE AND INTERPRET MONITORING DATA AND IDENTIFY METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO LIMIT THE DAMAGES DERIVING FROM HUMAN

WITH THE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE THE STUDENT IS INTRODUCED INTO THE WORLD OF MICROORGANISMS, WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO PROKARYOTES, MAKING HIM UNDERSTAND THE MAIN ASPECTS THAT CHARACTERIZE IT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON HUMAN LIFE AND ACTIVITIES, AND ON THE ENVIRONMENT. THE STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE, 32 HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSONS (4 CFU) AND 24 HOURS OF PRACTICAL LABORATORY (2 CFU), IS DESIGNED TO SATISFY THE DUBLIN 1 AND 2 DESCRIPTORS AND TO FORM AN INDEPENDENT AND CRITICAL STUDENT, ABLE TO FACE THE PRACTICAL STUDY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. THE HOURS OF THEORETICAL LESSON HAVE SEVERAL PURPOSES: TO INFUSE THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR PHYLOGENY, ALSO FOR AN EASIER MEMORIZATION OF THE MAJOR MICROBIAL GROUPS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS; CLARIFY THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EUKARYOTIC AND PROKARYOTIC CELLS, IN ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THEIR STRUCTURAL, FUNCTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES; TO ACQUIRE THE CONCEPT OF NUTRITIONAL CLASS AND ENERGY METABOLISM, IN ORDER TO MEMORIZE AND UNDERSTAND BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES AND TO PREDICT THE IMPACT THAT MICROORGANISMS CAN EXERT ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THE LABORATORY IS TO DEVELOP IN THE STUDENT THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED GRADUALLY DURING THE THEORETICAL LESSONS AND TO VERIFY THE COMPREHENSION SKILLS. DURING THIS PHASE THE BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY AND MANIPULATION OF MICROORGANISMS ARE ACQUIRED (PREPARATION OF GROWTH MEDIA, QUANTIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION, STUDY OF GROWTH, ISOLATION FROM DIFFERENT NATURAL AND NON-NATURAL MATRICES). MOREOVER, BY CARRYING OUT A MINI-PROJECT AT THE END OF THE MODULE, THE STUDENT IS FURTHER STIMULATED TO BECOME AUTONOMOUS THROUGH THE CORRECT APPLICATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNIQUES PREVIOUSLY LEARNED. THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES IS VERIFIED DIRECTLY DURING THE LABORATORY HOURS FROM THE EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS AND THROUGH A REPORT MADE BY THE STUDENT, WHICH WILL BE CONSIDERED FOR THE AVERAGE SCORE IN THE FINAL EVALUATION TEST. THE MICROBIOLOGY MODULE AS STRUCTURED IS IN LINE WITH THE GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF THE DEGREE COURSE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND THOSE SPECIFIC TO THE RELATED GROUPING AS IT CONTRIBUTES TO THE FORMATION OF AN ADEQUATE BASIC CULTURE IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, IT PROVIDES THE BASIC MICROBIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS TO FACE AND INTERPRET MONITORING DATA AND IDENTIFY METHODS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO LIMIT THE DAMAGES DERIVING FROM HUMAN

	Prerequisites
	ALTHOUGH NOT PREPARATORY, TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE CONTENTS OF MODULE OF MICROBIOLOGY, IT IS STRONGLY RECOMMEND FIRST THE STUDY OF THE BIOCHEMICAL MODULE.

	Contents
	MICROBIOLOGY MODULE OCCUPIES 56 HOURS (6CFU) BETWEEN FRONTAL LESSON (4 CFU, 32 ORE) AND GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY (2CFU, 24 ORE). IN THIS WAY, STUDENTS DIRECTLY CONTROL WHAT THE TEACHER INTRODUCES DURING THE LESSONS (WITH A LEARNING-BY-DOING APPROACH). THE TOPICS OF THE FRONTAL LESSONS (4 CFUS) IN THE MODULE OF MICROBIOLOGY ARE: CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS; PROKARYOTIC CELL AND COMPARISON WITH EUCARIOTIC CELL; TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS: STAINING, MICROSCOPY, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS; CULTURE MEDIA: CLASSIFICATION AND PROTOCOLS FOR MEDIA PREPARATION; MICROBIC QUANTIZZATION; MATHEMATICS OF GROWTH; ENERGETIC METABOLISM AND NUTRITIONAL CLASSES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, NITRIFYING AND DENITRIFYING BACTERIA, SULPHATE AND SULFUR REDUCING BACTERIA, COLORLESS SULFUR BACTERIA, METHANOGENS. PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA: CYANOBACTERIA, RED AND GREEN BACTERIA; NITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGEN ASSIMILATION, NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA; ARCHAEA: CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, ECOLOGY. THE TOPICS OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES (2 CFU) ARE: GRAM AND SCHEAFFER-FULTON STAINING; PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES FOR DIFFUSION OF MICROORGANISMS ON PETRI DISHES; METHOD OF SERIAL DILUTIONS; ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX: MICROBIAL LEACHING, IDENTIFICATION OF MOST RELEVANT GROUPS WITH PHENOTYPIC TECHNIQUES

Contents

MICROBIOLOGY MODULE OCCUPIES 56 HOURS (6CFU) BETWEEN FRONTAL LESSON (4 CFU, 32 ORE) AND GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY (2CFU, 24 ORE). IN THIS WAY, STUDENTS DIRECTLY CONTROL WHAT THE TEACHER INTRODUCES DURING THE LESSONS (WITH A LEARNING-BY-DOING APPROACH).

THE TOPICS OF THE FRONTAL LESSONS (4 CFUS) IN THE MODULE OF MICROBIOLOGY ARE:
CLASSIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS;
PROKARYOTIC CELL AND COMPARISON WITH EUCARIOTIC CELL;
TECHNIQUES FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF MICROORGANISMS: STAINING, MICROSCOPY, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS;
CULTURE MEDIA: CLASSIFICATION AND PROTOCOLS FOR MEDIA PREPARATION;
MICROBIC QUANTIZZATION;
MATHEMATICS OF GROWTH;
ENERGETIC METABOLISM AND NUTRITIONAL CLASSES;
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, NITRIFYING AND DENITRIFYING BACTERIA, SULPHATE AND SULFUR REDUCING BACTERIA, COLORLESS SULFUR BACTERIA, METHANOGENS.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA: CYANOBACTERIA, RED AND GREEN BACTERIA;
NITROGEN FIXATION, NITROGEN ASSIMILATION, NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA;
ARCHAEA: CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, ECOLOGY.

THE TOPICS OF LABORATORY ACTIVITIES (2 CFU) ARE:
GRAM AND SCHEAFFER-FULTON STAINING;
PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES FOR DIFFUSION OF MICROORGANISMS ON PETRI DISHES;
METHOD OF SERIAL DILUTIONS;
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROORGANISMS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX: MICROBIAL LEACHING, IDENTIFICATION OF MOST RELEVANT GROUPS WITH PHENOTYPIC TECHNIQUES

	Teaching Methods
	THE MODULE OF MICROBIOLOGY INCLUDES 36 HOURS OF FRONTAL LESSONS (4 CFU) IN THE CLASSROOM, WITH THE HELP OF PROJECTIONS, AND 24 HOURS (2CFU) OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY. THE FREQUENCY OF LESSON IS NOT OBLIGATORY, THAT OF LABORATORY ARE STRONGLY RECOMMENDED. IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE FINAL EXAM, STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 70% OF HOURS OF PRATICAL ACTIVITIES. THE PRESENCE CHECKING MODE IS NOTIFIED BY THE DOCENT WITH A MONTHLY CADENCY

Teaching Methods

THE MODULE OF MICROBIOLOGY INCLUDES 36 HOURS OF FRONTAL LESSONS (4 CFU) IN THE CLASSROOM, WITH THE HELP OF PROJECTIONS, AND 24 HOURS (2CFU) OF PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE LABORATORY.
THE FREQUENCY OF LESSON IS NOT OBLIGATORY, THAT OF LABORATORY ARE STRONGLY RECOMMENDED. IN ORDER TO SUPPORT THE FINAL EXAM, STUDENT MUST HAVE ATTENDED AT LEAST 70% OF HOURS OF PRATICAL ACTIVITIES. THE PRESENCE CHECKING MODE IS NOTIFIED BY THE DOCENT WITH A MONTHLY CADENCY

	Verification of learning
	THE ORAL EXAM OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS A VARIABLE DURATION, ACCORDING TO THE CANDIDATE PREPARATION LEVEL. IT CONSISTS IN AN INTERVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION ON THE CONTENTS INDICATED IN THE TEACHING PROGRAM, AND IT IS AIMED TO ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ACHIEVED BY THE STUDENT AND HIS UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY; FURTHERMORE, IT IS AIMED TO VERIFY THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY AND PERTINENTLY THE MICROBIOLOGICAL THEMATICS AND VERIFY THE EXPOSURE CAPACITY, THROUGH THE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGY AND OF THE ABILITY OF ORGANIZATION OF THE TOPICS EXPOSED. THE ORAL EXAM ALSO INCLUDES THE DISCUSSION OF A PRACTICAL CASE IN ORDER TO CHECK THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE CORRECTLY AND THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS, AS ISOLATION, QUANTIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A MICROORGANISM BELONGING TO A SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL CLASS; DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC CULTURE MEDIA FOR A GIVEN SPECIES AND OF THE METHOD USED FOR ISOLATION.

Verification of learning

THE ORAL EXAM OF MICROBIOLOGY HAS A VARIABLE DURATION, ACCORDING TO THE CANDIDATE PREPARATION LEVEL. IT CONSISTS IN AN INTERVIEW WITH QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION ON THE CONTENTS INDICATED IN THE TEACHING PROGRAM, AND IT IS AIMED TO ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ACHIEVED BY THE STUDENT AND HIS UNDERSTANDING CAPACITY; FURTHERMORE, IT IS AIMED TO VERIFY THE ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY AND PERTINENTLY THE MICROBIOLOGICAL THEMATICS AND VERIFY THE EXPOSURE CAPACITY, THROUGH THE EVALUATION OF THE USE OF APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGY AND OF THE ABILITY OF ORGANIZATION OF THE TOPICS EXPOSED. THE ORAL EXAM ALSO INCLUDES THE DISCUSSION OF A PRACTICAL CASE IN ORDER TO CHECK THE ABILITY TO APPLY THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE CORRECTLY AND THE ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND THE PROPOSED PROBLEMS, AS ISOLATION, QUANTIZATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF A MICROORGANISM BELONGING TO A SPECIFIC NUTRITIONAL CLASS; DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC CULTURE MEDIA FOR A GIVEN SPECIES AND OF THE METHOD USED FOR ISOLATION.

	Texts
	MICROBIOLOGY MODULE •BROCK. BIOLOGIA DEI MICRORGANISMI: VOL 1, MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE. VOL 2, MICROBIOLOGIA AMBIENTALE E INDUSTRIALE. MICHAL T. MADIGAN. ED. AMBROSIANA (OR PEARSON). •LABORATORIO DI MICROBIOLOGIA HARRY W. SEELEYÙED. ZANICHELLI