Chimica | SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY BIOTECHNOLOGIES

cod. 0522300044

SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY BIOTECHNOLOGIES

	0522300044
	DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY "ADOLFO ZAMBELLI"
	EQF7
	CHEMISTRY
	2020/2021

CURRICULUM SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2016
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
BIO/10	5	40	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS
BIO/10	1	12	LAB	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

	Objectives
	THE MAIN AIM OF THIS COURSE IS TO GIVE STUDENTS A DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF THE RELATIONSHIPS EXISTING BETWEEN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS USED IN THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD AND THE DESIGN OF BIOTRANSFORMATION PROCESSES. THE TEACHING WILL THEREFORE BE FOCUSED ON THE DESCRIPTION OF MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND ON HOW IT CAN BE EXPLOITED IN PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES BASED ON THE USE OF LIVE MICROORGANISMS OR PURIFIED ENZYMES. IN THAT LIGHT, SOME WELL-CHARACTERIZED AND WIDELY USED PROCESSES WILL BE STUDIED, SUCH AS THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL (WINE, BEER) AND LACTIC ACID IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY; THEREFORE, IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE CRITICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PROCESS, IN TERMS OF REACTION CONDITIONS, MICROBIAL VITALITY AND ENZYMATIC EFFICIENCY. MAIN SKILLS DEVELOPED BY THE STUDENT WILL BE: KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE ACTIVITY OF THE MAIN ENZYMES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST. ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND SOLVE PROBLEMS CONCERNING ENZYMATIC KINETICS. DETERMINATION OF THE KINETIC CONSTANTS OF ENZYMATIC AND MICROBIAL REACTIONS. ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MICROBIAL AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, EVALUATING THE LIMITING FACTORS AND THE METABOLIC NEEDS OF MICROORGANISMS USED IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES. ACQUISITION OF THE TERMINOLOGY TYPICAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY. INTEGRATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE WITH THOSE OF OTHER FIELDS AND THROUGH THE PRIMARY LITERATURE.

THE MAIN AIM OF THIS COURSE IS TO GIVE STUDENTS A DETAILED KNOWLEDGE OF THE RELATIONSHIPS EXISTING BETWEEN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS USED IN THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD AND THE DESIGN OF BIOTRANSFORMATION PROCESSES. THE TEACHING WILL THEREFORE BE FOCUSED ON THE DESCRIPTION OF MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND ON HOW IT CAN BE EXPLOITED IN PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES BASED ON THE USE OF LIVE MICROORGANISMS OR PURIFIED ENZYMES. IN THAT LIGHT, SOME WELL-CHARACTERIZED AND WIDELY USED PROCESSES WILL BE STUDIED, SUCH AS THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL (WINE, BEER) AND LACTIC ACID IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY; THEREFORE, IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY THE CRITICAL PARAMETERS OF THE PROCESS, IN TERMS OF REACTION CONDITIONS, MICROBIAL VITALITY AND ENZYMATIC EFFICIENCY.
MAIN SKILLS DEVELOPED BY THE STUDENT WILL BE:
KNOWLEDGE OF THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE ACTIVITY OF THE MAIN ENZYMES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST.
ABILITY TO UNDERSTAND AND SOLVE PROBLEMS CONCERNING ENZYMATIC KINETICS. DETERMINATION OF THE KINETIC CONSTANTS OF ENZYMATIC AND MICROBIAL REACTIONS.
ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MICROBIAL AND ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, EVALUATING THE LIMITING FACTORS AND THE METABOLIC NEEDS OF MICROORGANISMS USED IN PRODUCTION PROCESSES.
ACQUISITION OF THE TERMINOLOGY TYPICAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY.
INTEGRATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE ACQUIRED IN THE COURSE WITH THOSE OF OTHER FIELDS AND THROUGH THE PRIMARY LITERATURE.

	Prerequisites
	BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, KINETICS, AND BIOCHEMISTRY

	Contents
	STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES: LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS, MAIN FORCES AND BONDS INVOLVED IN PROTEIN INTERACTION, ENZYMATIC KINETICS, ENZYME MODULATORS AND INHIBITORS (1 CFU) MICROORGANISMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST: THE PROKARYOTIC CELL, CELL WALLS, GENETIC INFORMATION IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES, EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA (0.7) CELLULAR METABOLISM AND ITS REGULATION: CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM, THE KEY ENZYMES OF THE METABOLIC PATHWAYS, MECHANISMS OF CONTROL OF METABOLIC FLOWS, GLYCOLYSIS, THE KREBS CYCLE, THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS (1 CFU) THE FERMENTATIVE PATHWAYS: FERMENTATION, CHEMOAUTOTROPHY: DONORS AND ALTERNATIVE ELECTRON RECEPTORS. NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA. (0.3 CREDITS) BIOMASSES AND THEIR USE: BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE, CULTURE MEDIA, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES, COMPLEX PRODUCTS, BIOMASS ACTIVITY, SPECIES SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT, RANDOM AND TARGETED MUTAGENESIS TECHNIQUES, TRANSFECTION TECHNIQUES, IMMOBILIZED SYSTEMS (1 CFU) EXAMPLES OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: BIOREMEDIATION, YEASTS, THE SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS, DETERGENTS, ACETALDEHYDE, ANTIBIOTICS (1 CFU) CLASSROOM EXERCISES: SEMINARS HELD BY STUDENTS ON TOPICS CHOSEN TOGETHER WITH THE TEACHER; LED BY THE TEACHER, STUDENTS ORGANIZED IN SMALL GROUPS (2-3 PEOPLE) DELVE INTO ISSUES RELATED TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE AND PREPARE A PRESENTATION FOR THE WHOLE CLASS (1 CFU).

Contents

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES: LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF PROTEINS, MAIN FORCES AND BONDS INVOLVED IN PROTEIN INTERACTION, ENZYMATIC KINETICS, ENZYME MODULATORS AND INHIBITORS (1 CFU)
MICROORGANISMS OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST: THE PROKARYOTIC CELL, CELL WALLS, GENETIC INFORMATION IN PROKARYOTIC CELLS, DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES, EXTREMOPHILIC BACTERIA (0.7)
CELLULAR METABOLISM AND ITS REGULATION: CATABOLISM AND ANABOLISM, THE KEY ENZYMES OF THE METABOLIC PATHWAYS, MECHANISMS OF CONTROL OF METABOLIC FLOWS, GLYCOLYSIS, THE KREBS CYCLE, THE METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS (1 CFU)
THE FERMENTATIVE PATHWAYS: FERMENTATION, CHEMOAUTOTROPHY: DONORS AND ALTERNATIVE ELECTRON RECEPTORS. NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA. (0.3 CREDITS)
BIOMASSES AND THEIR USE: BACTERIAL GROWTH CURVE, CULTURE MEDIA, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY METABOLITES, COMPLEX PRODUCTS, BIOMASS ACTIVITY, SPECIES SELECTION AND IMPROVEMENT, RANDOM AND TARGETED MUTAGENESIS TECHNIQUES, TRANSFECTION TECHNIQUES, IMMOBILIZED SYSTEMS (1 CFU)
EXAMPLES OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY: BIOREMEDIATION, YEASTS, THE SYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS, DETERGENTS, ACETALDEHYDE, ANTIBIOTICS (1 CFU)
CLASSROOM EXERCISES: SEMINARS HELD BY STUDENTS ON TOPICS CHOSEN TOGETHER WITH THE TEACHER; LED BY THE TEACHER, STUDENTS ORGANIZED IN SMALL GROUPS (2-3 PEOPLE) DELVE INTO ISSUES RELATED TO THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE AND PREPARE A PRESENTATION FOR THE WHOLE CLASS (1 CFU).

	Teaching Methods
	THE TEACHING INCLUDES LECTURES (40 HOURS) AND CLASSROOM EXERCISES (12 HOURS). THE LECTURES WILL BE CARRIED OUT ALSO USING AUDIOVISUAL MATERIAL.

	Verification of learning
	THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE TEACHING IS CERTIFIED BY PASSING AN ORAL TEST, CONSISTING OF AN INTERVIEW ON THE CONTENT INDICATED IN THE PROGRAM OF THE CLASS. THE VOTE WILL DEPEND ON THE LEVEL OF THE ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE, THE ABILITY OF DEEPENING, AND THE QUALITY OF THE EXPOSURE, IN TERMS OF USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE, SHOWN BY THE STUDENT.