Ingegneria Civile per l'Ambiente ed il Territorio | SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

cod. 0612500050

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

	0612500050
	DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
	EQF6
	CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
	2020/2021

PERCORSO COMUNE

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 2
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2018
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	ING-IND/27	6	60	LESSONS	COMPULSORY SUBJECTS, CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CLASS

PROFESSORS

	VINCENZO VAIANO T Curriculum
	FRANCESCO DONSI' Curriculum

	Objectives
	EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND COMPETENCE TO BE ACQUIRED: Knowledge of: definitions of risk, accident and safety and how to quantify them; elements of physical balances; how to determine quantities and flow rates of accidental leakage of fluids from pipes and tanks. Elements of toxicology and hygiene in the workplace; patterns of dispersion of toxic substances for instant and continuous releases. Knowledge about fires and explosions: conditions of occurrence and estimation of released energy and effects; design and sizing criteria for safety systems to prevent fires and explosions and mitigate their effects. Knowledge of methods for the identification and quantification of hazards and risks. KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Ability to carry out risk analysis through a quantitative assessment of potential hazards, accident protection and mitigation layers, assessment of accident probability of occurrence and assessment of damage resulting from them. ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: Know how to apply risk analysis to design. Know how to design accident prevention and risk mitigation systems. AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT: Ability to assess the safety of operations in the operation of plants and processes. COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Communication skills within the concepts and contents of the topics covered in the course. ABILITY TO LEARN: Ability to learn concepts related to the safety of plants and processes so as to be able to fit easily into industrial operating contexts in the phase of analysis and verification of the safety of plants operating or in design.

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES AND COMPETENCE TO BE ACQUIRED:
Knowledge of: definitions of risk, accident and safety and how to quantify them; elements of physical balances; how to determine quantities and flow rates of accidental leakage of fluids from pipes and tanks. Elements of toxicology and hygiene in the workplace; patterns of dispersion of toxic substances for instant and continuous releases. Knowledge about fires and explosions: conditions of occurrence and estimation of released energy and effects; design and sizing criteria for safety systems to prevent fires and explosions and mitigate their effects. Knowledge of methods for the identification and quantification of hazards and risks.
KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Ability to carry out risk analysis through a quantitative assessment of potential hazards, accident protection and mitigation layers, assessment of accident probability of occurrence and assessment of damage resulting from them.
ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Know how to apply risk analysis to design.
Know how to design accident prevention and risk mitigation systems.
AUTONOMY OF JUDGEMENT:
Ability to assess the safety of operations in the operation of plants and processes.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
Communication skills within the concepts and contents of the topics covered in the course.
ABILITY TO LEARN:
Ability to learn concepts related to the safety of plants and processes so as to be able to fit easily into industrial operating contexts in the phase of analysis and verification of the safety of plants operating or in design.

	Prerequisites
	STUDENTS MUST KNOWN GENERAL CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS OF GASEOUS, LIQUID AND SOLID MATERIALS AND FLUID DYNAMICS OF LIQUIDS. PREREQUISITES: CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS

	Contents
	INTRODUCTION (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE: CONTENTS , GOALS, MODALITY OF THE EXAM AND EVALUATION METHODS. INCIDENT STATISTICS OF THE CHIMICA INDUSTRY: FAR, OSHA INDEX, FATALITY RATE. RISK AND ACCEPTABLE RISK. PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE RISK. THE NATURE OF THE PROCESSO F INCIDENT. INEHERENTLY SAFETY OF A PROCESS OR OF A SYSTEM. EXEMPLES OF SIGNIFICATIVE DISASTERS IN THE CHIMICA INDUSTRY. CARRYING OUT OF EXCERCISES ON THE USE OF FAR, OSHA INCIDENCE RATE AND FATALITY RATE. TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ELEMENTS OF TOXICOLOGY (3 HOURS LESSONS, 1 HOURS EXERCISE) ELEMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) SOURCE MODELS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) MODELS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASS FLOW RATE AND OF THE QUANTITY OF LIQUIDS EXITING FROM HOLES IN PIPES AND FROM HOLES IN TANKS. MASS FLOW RATE OF GASES AND VAPORS EXITING FROM PIPES UNDER SUBCRITICAL AND CRITICAL FLOWS IN THE CASES OF ISOTHERMAL AND ADIABATIC CONDITIONS. DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY AND /OR THE MASS FLOW RATES VAPORIZED FROM LIQUIDS IN RAPID EVAPORATION, OF THE FLOW RATES ISSUING FROM VESSELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE AND OF FLOW RATES OF VAPORS FROM LIQUID POOLS. CHOICE OF WORST AND REALISTIC SCENARIOS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGES CONSEQUENT TO THE RELEASE. DISPERSION MODELS (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) TOXIC RELEASE AND DISPERSION MODELS. PUFF AND PLUME MODELS FOR INSTANTANEOUS AND CONTINUOUS RELEASES, RESPECTIVELY. RISOLUTIONS OF APPLICATIVE ESEMPLES. FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 2 HOURS EXERCISE) INTRODUCTION TO FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS. ESTIMATION OF FLASH POINT TEMPERATURES. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS AND THEIR ESTIMATION. LIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION. FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAMS. IGNITION ENERGY. SPRAYS AND MISTS. CONFINED EXPLOSIONS. DEFLAGRATIONS AND DETONATIONS. CONFINED EXPLOSIONS: DEFLAGARTION COEFFICIENTS. EVALUATION OF DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CHIMICA AND MECHANICAL EXPLOSIONS (OVERPRESSURE). TNT EQUIVALENT MASS. MISSILES LAUNCH FROM EXPLOSIONS. EXPLOSIONS OF UNCONFINED FLAMAMBLE CLOUDS. BLEVE. PREVENTING FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 5 HOURS EXERCISE) DESIGN TO PREVENT FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS: INERTIZATION. USE OF FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAMS TO PUT IN SERVICE AND TO PUT OUT OF SERVICE TANKS FOR FLAMMABLE GASES. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ACCUMULATION AND DISCHARGE OF STATIC ELECTRICITY. METHODS FOR STATIC ELECTICITY CONTROL. FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEMS: SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. MISCELLANEOUS FOR PREVENTING FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS. RELIEF DEVICES AND SYSTEMS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) INTRODUCTION TO RELIEFS. CONCEPT, LOCATION, TYPE AND QUALITY. SCENARIOS. EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR SIZING. RELEIF CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS: FLARES, SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSATION. SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED CONVENTIONAL AND BALANCED VALVES FOR LIQUID DISCHARGE. SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED CONVENTIONAL AND BALANCED SPRING VALVES FOR GAS AND VAPORS DISCARGE. RUPTURE DISC RELIEF DIMENSIONING. BUCKLING PIN AND PILOT-OPERATED DISCARGE DEVICES. SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED VALVES AND RUPTURE DISCS FOR TWO PHASE RELIEVES FROM RUNAWY REACTIONS. SIZING OF RELIEVES FOR GAS AND POWDERS EXPLOSIONS. RELIEVES FOR FLUIDS CONTAINED IN TANKS AND VESSELS INVOLVED IN FIRES. RISK EVALUATION (2 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE) REVIEW OF PROBABILITÀ THEORY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROCESS UNITS, REVEALED AND UNREVEALED FAILURES, PROBABILITY OF COINCIDENCE, REDUNDANCY, COMMON MODE FAILURES. EVENT TREES. FAULT TREES.

Contents

INTRODUCTION (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)
INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE: CONTENTS , GOALS, MODALITY OF THE EXAM AND EVALUATION METHODS. INCIDENT STATISTICS OF THE CHIMICA INDUSTRY: FAR, OSHA INDEX, FATALITY RATE. RISK AND ACCEPTABLE RISK. PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE RISK. THE NATURE OF THE PROCESSO F INCIDENT. INEHERENTLY SAFETY OF A PROCESS OR OF A SYSTEM. EXEMPLES OF SIGNIFICATIVE DISASTERS IN THE CHIMICA INDUSTRY.
CARRYING OUT OF EXCERCISES ON THE USE OF FAR, OSHA INCIDENCE RATE AND FATALITY RATE.

TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
ELEMENTS OF TOXICOLOGY (3 HOURS LESSONS, 1 HOURS EXERCISE)
ELEMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)

SOURCE MODELS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)
MODELS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE MASS FLOW RATE AND OF THE QUANTITY OF LIQUIDS EXITING FROM HOLES IN PIPES AND FROM HOLES IN TANKS. MASS FLOW RATE OF GASES AND VAPORS EXITING FROM PIPES UNDER SUBCRITICAL AND CRITICAL FLOWS IN THE CASES OF ISOTHERMAL AND ADIABATIC CONDITIONS. DETERMINATION OF THE QUANTITY AND /OR THE MASS FLOW RATES VAPORIZED FROM LIQUIDS IN RAPID EVAPORATION, OF THE FLOW RATES ISSUING FROM VESSELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS UNDER PRESSURE AND OF FLOW RATES OF VAPORS FROM LIQUID POOLS. CHOICE OF WORST AND REALISTIC SCENARIOS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGES CONSEQUENT TO THE RELEASE.

DISPERSION MODELS (3 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)
TOXIC RELEASE AND DISPERSION MODELS. PUFF AND PLUME MODELS FOR INSTANTANEOUS AND CONTINUOUS RELEASES, RESPECTIVELY. RISOLUTIONS OF APPLICATIVE ESEMPLES.

FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 2 HOURS EXERCISE)
INTRODUCTION TO FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS. ESTIMATION OF FLASH POINT TEMPERATURES. FLAMMABILITY LIMITS AND THEIR ESTIMATION. LIMITING OXYGEN CONCENTRATION. FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAMS. IGNITION ENERGY. SPRAYS AND MISTS. CONFINED EXPLOSIONS. DEFLAGRATIONS AND DETONATIONS. CONFINED EXPLOSIONS: DEFLAGARTION COEFFICIENTS. EVALUATION OF DAMAGES RESULTING FROM CHIMICA AND MECHANICAL EXPLOSIONS (OVERPRESSURE). TNT EQUIVALENT MASS. MISSILES LAUNCH FROM EXPLOSIONS. EXPLOSIONS OF UNCONFINED FLAMAMBLE CLOUDS. BLEVE.

PREVENTING FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 5 HOURS EXERCISE)
DESIGN TO PREVENT FIRES AND EXPLOSIONS: INERTIZATION. USE OF FLAMMABILITY DIAGRAMS TO PUT IN SERVICE AND TO PUT OUT OF SERVICE TANKS FOR FLAMMABLE GASES. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE ACCUMULATION AND DISCHARGE OF STATIC ELECTRICITY. METHODS FOR STATIC ELECTICITY CONTROL.
FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEMS: SPRINKLER SYSTEMS. MISCELLANEOUS FOR PREVENTING FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS.

RELIEF DEVICES AND SYSTEMS (5 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)
INTRODUCTION TO RELIEFS. CONCEPT, LOCATION, TYPE AND QUALITY. SCENARIOS. EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR SIZING. RELEIF CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS: FLARES, SCRUBBERS AND CONDENSATION.
SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED CONVENTIONAL AND BALANCED VALVES FOR LIQUID DISCHARGE. SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED CONVENTIONAL AND BALANCED SPRING VALVES FOR GAS AND VAPORS DISCARGE. RUPTURE DISC RELIEF DIMENSIONING. BUCKLING PIN AND PILOT-OPERATED DISCARGE DEVICES.
SIZING OF SPRING OPERATED VALVES AND RUPTURE DISCS FOR TWO PHASE RELIEVES FROM RUNAWY REACTIONS. SIZING OF RELIEVES FOR GAS AND POWDERS EXPLOSIONS. RELIEVES FOR FLUIDS CONTAINED IN TANKS AND VESSELS INVOLVED IN FIRES.

RISK EVALUATION (2 HOURS LESSONS, 3 HOURS EXERCISE)
REVIEW OF PROBABILITÀ THEORY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PROCESS UNITS, REVEALED AND UNREVEALED FAILURES, PROBABILITY OF COINCIDENCE, REDUNDANCY, COMMON MODE FAILURES. EVENT TREES. FAULT TREES.

	Teaching Methods
	ORAL FRONTAL LESSONS PROVIDED BY PROJECTION OF SLIDES WHERE THE NODE POINTS OF THE TREATED ARGUMENTS ARE LISTED AND WHERE GRAPHS AND TABLES, ACCOMPANYING THE DISCUSSION, ARE ALSO DESCRIBED (3,6 CFU). FOR WHAT CONCERNS THE APPLICATIVE PART (2,4 CFU): NUMERICAL RESOLUTION OF EXERCISES AND PROJECT REPORTS JUST AFTER THE TREATED ARGUMENTS ASSICIATING THE THEORY AT THE BASE OF CERTAIN PHENOMENA OR EQUATIONS AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION. BEING THIS A COURSE OF FIRST DEGREE, ATTENDING THE LESSON IS MANDATORY (AS FROM REGULATION OF THE STUDY COURSE THE ATTENDANCE HAVE TO BE AT LEAST 70% OF THE TOTAL COURSE HOURS)

Teaching Methods

ORAL FRONTAL LESSONS PROVIDED BY PROJECTION OF SLIDES WHERE THE NODE POINTS OF THE TREATED ARGUMENTS ARE LISTED AND WHERE GRAPHS AND TABLES, ACCOMPANYING THE DISCUSSION, ARE ALSO DESCRIBED (3,6 CFU).
FOR WHAT CONCERNS THE APPLICATIVE PART (2,4 CFU): NUMERICAL RESOLUTION OF EXERCISES AND PROJECT REPORTS JUST AFTER THE TREATED ARGUMENTS ASSICIATING THE THEORY AT THE BASE OF CERTAIN PHENOMENA OR EQUATIONS AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION.
BEING THIS A COURSE OF FIRST DEGREE, ATTENDING THE LESSON IS MANDATORY (AS FROM REGULATION OF THE STUDY COURSE THE ATTENDANCE HAVE TO BE AT LEAST 70% OF THE TOTAL COURSE HOURS)

	Verification of learning
	THE EVALUATION OF THE REACHING OF THE PREFIXED GOALS WILL OCCUR AFTER THE COURSE END BY A WRITTEN TEST (2 HOURS DURATION) THAT INCLUDES THE NUMERICAL RESOLUTION OF EXERCISES AND PROJECT REPORTS AND A SUBSEQUENT ORAL COLLOQUIUM. TO PASS THE EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE TO HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE HAZARD CONNECTED TO A GIVEN INCIDENTAL SCENARIO AND TO KNOW HOW TO APPLY THE PROPER MODELS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE OR FOR THE SIZING OF PROTECTION AND/OR MITIGATION DEVICES. THE SCORE, EXPRESSED AS FRACTION OF THIRTHY WITH POSSIBLE LAUD, WILL DEPEND ON THE MASTERHOOD ACQUIRED ON THE COURSE CONTENTS BY THE STUDENT, TAKING ALSO INTO ACCOUNT THE QUALITY OF THE WRITTEN AND ORAL EXPOSURES AND OF THE JUDGMENT AUTONOMY DEMONSTRATED.

Verification of learning

THE EVALUATION OF THE REACHING OF THE PREFIXED GOALS WILL OCCUR AFTER THE COURSE END BY A WRITTEN TEST (2 HOURS DURATION) THAT INCLUDES THE NUMERICAL RESOLUTION OF EXERCISES AND PROJECT REPORTS AND A SUBSEQUENT ORAL COLLOQUIUM. TO PASS THE EXAM, THE STUDENT MUST DEMONSTRATE TO HAVE UNDERSTOOD THE HAZARD CONNECTED TO A GIVEN INCIDENTAL SCENARIO AND TO KNOW HOW TO APPLY THE PROPER MODELS FOR THE QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE DAMAGE OR FOR THE SIZING OF PROTECTION AND/OR MITIGATION DEVICES. THE SCORE, EXPRESSED AS FRACTION OF THIRTHY WITH POSSIBLE LAUD, WILL DEPEND ON THE MASTERHOOD ACQUIRED ON THE COURSE CONTENTS BY THE STUDENT, TAKING ALSO INTO ACCOUNT THE QUALITY OF THE WRITTEN AND ORAL EXPOSURES AND OF THE JUDGMENT AUTONOMY DEMONSTRATED.

	Texts
	MAIN TEXT D.A. CROWL AND J.F. LOUVAR. CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY: FUNDAMENTAL WITH APPLICATIONS. PRENTICE HALL INTERNATIONAL SERIES. 3TH EDITION CONSULTATION TEXTS R. BENINTENDI PROCESS SAFETY CALCULATIONS ELSEVIER 2018 J.H. PERRY-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING’S HANDBOOK, MCGRAW HILL COPY OF SLIDES EMPLOYED DURING THE LESSONS

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