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LABORATORY OF PHYSICS II

Fisica LABORATORY OF PHYSICS II

0512600015
DIPARTIMENTO DI FISICA "E.R. CAIANIELLO"
EQF6
PHYSICS
2018/2019

OBBLIGATORIO
YEAR OF COURSE 2
YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2017
ANNUALE
CFUHOURSACTIVITY
756LESSONS
560LAB
ANTONIO DI BARTOLOMEO T Curriculum
Objectives
THE COURSE PROVIDES THE THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS NEEDED FOR THE DC AND AC ANALYSIS OF CIRCUITS. IT COVERS MORE ADVANCED MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS THE LAPLACE AND THE FOURIER TRANSFORM. MOST OF THE COURSE IS DEDICATED TO THE DESIGN, THE PSPICE SIMULATION AND THE REALIZATION AND MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC CIRCUITS IN THE LABORATORY. FURTHERMORE, THE COURSE FAMILIARIZES THE STUDENTS WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AS WELL AS INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY MEANS OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
THE COURSE AIMS AT PROVIDING THE STUDENTS WITH THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE TECHNIQUES USED FOR THE DC, TRANSIENT AND AC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS; IT INTRODUCES MATHEMATICAL TOOLS SUCH AS THE LAPLACE AND FOURIER TRANSFORMS, AND GET THE STUDENT STARTED WITH THE PSPICE SIMULATOR. THE COURSE DEVELOPS THE ABILITY TO MEASURE CIRCUITS ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS AND OF FITTING THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS WITH SUITABLE MATHEMATICAL MODELS. FURTHERMORE, IT ENHANCES THE COMPREHENSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION PHENOMENA AS WELL AS OF THE INTERFERENCE AND THE DIFFRACTION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES BY MEANS OF LABORATORY PRACTICE.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO USE EQUIPMENT FOR ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS, CORRELATE INPUT AND OUTPUT SIGNALS IN LINEAR CIRCUITS, DESIGN AND ANALYZE LINEAR CIRCUITS BY USING MATHEMATICAL TECHNIQUES AND SIMULATION SOFTWARES. IN THIS COURSE, THE STUDENTS LEARN THE MATHEMATICAL SKILLS AND THE FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS THEORY NEEDED TO FACE THE CHALLENGES OF NEXT LEVEL COURSES ON ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS. FINALLY, THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO READ TECHNICAL PAPERS DEALING WITH LINEAR ELECTRIC CIRCUITS.
Prerequisites
THE COURSE ASSUMES THE KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC TRIGONOMETRY, ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY, COMPLEX NUMBERS, AND CALCULUS FOR FUNCTIONS OF A SINGLE VARIABLE. SOME BACKGROUND IN ELECTROMAGNETISM AND WAVE OPTICS, LEARNED IN HIGH SCHOOL OR AT THE CONCURRENT COURSE OF GENERAL PHYSICS II, IS HIGHLY HELPFUL.
Contents
1. BASIC CONCEPTS (LECTURE 3H): CHARGE AND CURRENT; VOLTAGE; POWER AND ENERGY; CIRCUIT ELEMENTS; NODES, BRANCHES AND LOOPS; KIRCHHOFF’ S LAWS; TELLEGEN THEOREM.

2. SIMPLE CIRCUIT ELEMENTS (LECTURE 3H): ACTIVE SOURCES; OHM’S LAW; SERIES AND PARALLEL RESISTORS; WYE-DELTA TRANSFORMATIONS.

3. METHODS OF ANALYSIS (LECTURE 3H): NODAL, MESH AND LOOP ANALYSIS; NODAL AND MESH ANALYSES BY INSPECTION;

4. CIRCUIT THEOREMS (LECTURE 4H): LINEARITY PROPERTY; SUPERPOSITION; SOURCE TRANSFORMATION; THEVENIN’S THEOREM; NORTON’S THEOREM; MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER.

5. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS (LECTURE 3H): IDEAL OP AMP; INVERTING AND NONINVERTING AMPLIFIER; SUMMING AMPLIFIER.

6. CAPACITORS AND INDUCTORS (LECTURE 3H): SERIES AND PARALLEL CAPACITORS; SERIES AND PARALLEL INDUCTORS. INTEGRATOR; DIFFERENTIATOR; ANALOG COMPUTER.

7. FIRST-ORDER CIRCUITS (LECTURE 3H): THE SOURCE-FREE RC AND RL CIRCUIT; SINGULARITY FUNCTIONS; STEP RESPONSE OF RC AND RL CIRCUITS.

8. SECOND-ORDER CIRCUITS (LECTURE 4H): FINDING INITIAL AND FINAL VALUES; THE SOURCE-FREE SERIES AND PARALLEL RLC CIRCUIT; STEP RESPONSE OF RLC CIRCUIT.
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS: PSPICE ANALYSIS OF RLC CIRCUITS; AUTOMOBILE IGNITION SYSTEM; SMOOTHING CIRCUITS.

9. SINUSOIDAL STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS (LECTURE 3H): SINUSOIDS; PHASORS; IMPEDANCE; NODAL AND MESH ANALYSIS; SUPERPOSITION; SOURCE TRANSFORMATION; THEVENIN AND NORTON EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS.

10. AC POWER ANALYSIS (LECTURE 3H): INSTANTANEOUS AND AVERAGE POWER; MAXIMUM AVERAGE POWER TRANSFER; EFFECTIVE OR RMS VALUE; APPARENT POWER AND POWER FACTOR; COMPLEX POWER; CONSERVATION OF AC POWER.

11. MAGNETICALLY COUPLED CIRCUITS (LECTURE 3H): MUTUAL INDUCTANCE; ENERGY IN A COUPLED CIRCUIT; IDEAL TRANSFORMERS; IDEAL AUTOTRANSFORMERS; COUPLED CIRCUITS.

12. TWO-PORT NETWORKS (LECTURE 3H): IMPEDANCE PARAMETERS; ADMITTANCE PARAMETERS; HYBRID PARAMETERS; TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS; RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARAMETERS; INTERCONNECTION OF NETWORKS.

13. FREQUENCY RESPONSE (LECTURE 4H): TRANSFER FUNCTION; THE DECIBEL SCALE; BODE PLOTS; SERIES RESONANCE; PARALLEL RESONANCE; PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FILTERS.

14. THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM (LECTURE 3H): PROPERTIES OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM; THE INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM; POLES; THE CONVOLUTION INTEGRAL; APPLICATION TO INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.

15. THE FOURIER SERIES AND TRANSFORM (LECTURE 4H): FOURIER SERIES; AVERAGE POWER AND RMS VALUES; DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM; FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM; PROPERTIES OF THE FOURIER TRANSFORM; PARSEVAL’S THEOREM.

16. INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION (LECTURE 5H): COHERENT SOURCES; TWO-SOURCE INTERFERENCE; THIN FILMS; FRESNEL AND FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION; THE DIFFRACTION FROM A SINGLE AND MULTIPLE SLITS; THE DIFFRACTION GRATING.


LABORATORY ACTIVITY
1. MEASUREMENT OF THE INTERNAL RESISTANCE OF A VOLTAGE GENERATOR (4H);
2. TEST OF THE THEVENIN THEOREM (4H);
3. INPUT RESISTANCE OF A VOLTMETER AND AN AMMETER (4H);
4. VOLT-AMPEROMETRIC METHOD FOR RESISTANCES MEASUREMENTS (4H);
5. RC SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF THE RESPONSE TO A SQUARE WAVE (4H);
6. RC SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF STATIONARY RESPONSE TO A SINE WAVE (4H);
7. RL SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF THE RESPONSE TO A 'SQUARE WAVE (4H);
8. RL SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF THE STEADY-STATE RESPONSE TO A SINE WAVE (4H);
9. RLC SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF THE RESPONSE TO A SQUARE WAVE (4H);
10. RLC SERIES CIRCUIT: STATIONARY RESPONSE TO A SINUSOIDAL EXCITATION (4H);
11. RC SERIES CIRCUIT: STUDY OF THE RESPONSE TO A VOLTAGE PULSE (4H);
12. TRANSMISSION LINES; RESONANT MODES OF A CAVITY AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES (4H);
13. DIFFRACTION AND INTERFERENCE FROM SLITS AND GRATINGS IN VISIBLE LIGHT (4H);
14. THE TRANSMISSION DIFFRACTION GRATING: MEASURING THE WAVELENGTH OF LIGHT (4H);
15. DC, AC AND TRANSIENT PSPICE ANALYSIS (4H),
Teaching Methods
LECTURES (56 H, 7 CFU) AND LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS (60 H, 5 CFU).

THE LECTURES COVER THE DIFFERENT TOPICS OF THE COURSE BY INTRODUCING PROBLEMS OF INCREASING NOVELTY AND COMPLEXITY. THE LECTURES INCLUDE EXAMPLES AND EXERCISES TO CONSOLIDATE THE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING. THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AIM TO TRAIN THE STUDENTS ON THE USE OF ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT AND ON THE APPLICATION OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES SUITABLE FOR ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENTS. THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS ARE DEDICATED TO SPECIFIC TOPICS COVERED BY THE COURSE, AS DETAILED IN THE CONTENTS SECTION. THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS, CARRIED OUT BY GROUPS OF 3-4 STUDENTS, ARE PERFORMED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE INSTRUCTOR, WHO GUIDES THE STUDENTS TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE BEST TECHNIQUES AND PRACTICE FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS. FOR EACH EXPERIMENT, THE STUDENTS WILL BE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT THEIR WORK AND RESULTS IN AN ARTICLE-STYLE MANUSCRIPT, FOLLOWING THE TEMPLATE AND GUIDELINES OF A TYPICAL INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS JOURNAL.
Verification of learning
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF LEARNING REQUIRES A WRITTEN REPORT FOR EACH LABORATORY EXPERIMENT AND A FINAL EXAM CONSISTING OF A WRITTEN TEST AND AN ORAL DISCUSSION. THE LABORATORY REPORTS ARE MADE BY GROUPS OF 3-4 STUDENTS. IT IS MANDATORY TO PERFORM AT LEAST THE 80% OF THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TO ATTEND THE FINAL EXAM.
THE LABORATORY REPORTS AIM TO DEVELOP THE ABILITY REQUIRED TO ANY PHYSICIST TO WRITE THE DETAILS OF THE WORK, THE TECHNIQUES AND THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN THE LABORATORY, AS WELL AS TO MONITOR THE PROGRESS OF THE STUDENTS. THE LABORATORY REPORTS ARE SCORED WITH THE MAXIMUM 30 CUM LAUDE.
THE WRITTEN TEST EVALUATES THE ABILITY OF THE STUDENT TO UNDERSTAND AND STUDY A DC OR AC CIRCUIT.
THE ORAL DISCUSSION, IN WHICH THE STUDENT MIGHT BE ASKED TO STUDY A SPECIFIC CIRCUIT OR A DIFFRACTION/INTERFERENCE PHENOMENON, IS AIMED TO CHECK THE LEVEL OF THEORETICAL UNDERSTANDING, THE ANALYTICAL ABILITY AND THE PRESENTATION SKILLS OF THE STUDENT.
THE ASSESSMENT CONSIDERS HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THE METHODS, HOW COMPLETE AND SOUND ARE THE REPLIES AND HOW CLEAR IS THE PRESENTATION.
THE MINIMUM SCORE IS 18 AND IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS INCERTITUDE IN THE APPLICATION OF THE METHODS TO CALCULATE CIRCUITS PARAMETERS OR HAS A LIMITED BUT ENOUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE TOPIC COVERED BY THE COURSE.
THE MAXIMUM SCORE IS 30 AND IS ATTRIBUTED WHEN THE STUDENT SHOWS EXCELLENT AND COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND THE WAVE OPTICS, COMBINED WITH THE CAPABILITY TO INTERCONNECT DIFFERENT TOPICS.
THE FINAL SCORE, UP TO 30 CUM LAUDE, COMBINES THE SCORES OF THE LABORATORY-EXPERIMENTS REPORTS, OF THE WRITTEN TEST AND OF THE ORAL DISCUSSION IN AN APPROPRIATE WAY. THE LAUDE IS RESERVED FOR STUDENTS WHO SHOW AN OUTSTANDING MASTERING OF THE LABORATORY PRACTICE, THE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS AND THE WAVE OPTICS.
Texts
- C.K. ALEXANDER, M.N.O. SADIKU, “FUNDAMENDALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS”, 6TH ED., MCGRAW HILL, 2017
- R. PERFETTI, “CIRCUITI ELETTRICI”, 2ND ED., ZANICHELLI, 2017
- V. CANALE, P. IENGO, IL LABORATORIO DI FISICA II, EDISES, 2012
- R.C. DORF, J.A. SVOBODA, “INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRIC CIRCUITS”, WILEY, 2014
- “LOW LEVEL MEASUREMENTS HANDBOOK” AND “OSCILLOSCOPE BASICS”, TEKTRONIX 2017,
HTTPS://WWW.TEK.COM
- M. NIXON DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: A PRIMER, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, 2015
More Information
THE ATTENDANCE OF THE COURSE, ALTHOUGH NOT MANDATORY, IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED ESPECIALLY FOR THE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES.

TEACHER'S E-MAIL ADDRESS:
ADIBARTOLOMEO@UNISA.IT
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