Dentistry | ISTOLOGIA

cod. 1060200005

ISTOLOGIA

	1060200005
	DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA, CHIRURGIA E ODONTOIATRIA "SCUOLA MEDICA SALERNITANA"
	EQF7
	DENTISTRY
	2020/2021

PERCORSO SHARED STUDY PATHWAY

	OBBLIGATORIO
	YEAR OF COURSE 1
	YEAR OF DIDACTIC SYSTEM 2015
	SECONDO SEMESTRE

TEACHING UNITS

	SSD	CFU	HOURS	ACTIVITY	TYPE OF ACTIVITY
	BIO/17	7	77	LESSONS	BASIC COMPULSORY SUBJECTS

	Objectives
	Knowledge of the methods of investigation of the histology laboratory; knowledge of the tissues that make up the human body, the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, growth and the stages that lead to the development of the human organism, including the main morphogenetic factors and regulatory genes. The student must acquire knowledge of the methods to carry out cytological, histological and immunocytochemical analyses and their clinical significance; the ability to recognize the cell and its constituents at the microscopic level, together with the knowledge of genes and regulatory molecules. The student must also acquire the ability to recognize and describe the fundamental tissues and their variants; finally, he must demonstrate knowledge of the mechanisms of cell differentiation, cell interactions, histogenesis and the relationship with diseases. In embryology, he will have to demonstrate that he knows all the stages of development from gametogenesis up to the organogenesis of all the apparatuses and morphogenetic (genetic and molecular) processes and mechanisms that underlie development and that are often found (without embryonic regulation) in cancer patient and not only. In particular, the student of the course of Dentistry must have full knowledge of the dental tissues and their regeneration capacity as well as the mechanisms of development of the face. The same must pay particular attention to the development of the teeth and the oral cavity and their malformations as well as to the genes involved in the morphogenetic processes.

Knowledge of the methods of investigation of the histology laboratory; knowledge of the tissues that make up the human body, the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, growth and the stages that lead to the development of the human organism, including the main morphogenetic factors and regulatory genes.
The student must acquire knowledge of the methods to carry out cytological, histological and immunocytochemical analyses and their clinical significance; the ability to recognize the cell and its constituents at the microscopic level, together with the knowledge of genes and regulatory molecules. The student must also acquire the ability to recognize and describe the fundamental tissues and their variants; finally, he must demonstrate knowledge of the mechanisms of cell differentiation, cell interactions, histogenesis and the relationship with diseases. In embryology, he will have to demonstrate that he knows all the stages of development from gametogenesis up to the organogenesis of all the apparatuses and morphogenetic (genetic and molecular) processes and mechanisms that underlie development and that are often found (without embryonic regulation) in cancer patient and not only. In particular, the student of the course of Dentistry must have full knowledge of the dental tissues and their regeneration capacity as well as the mechanisms of development of the face. The same must pay particular attention to the development of the teeth and the oral cavity and their malformations as well as to the genes involved in the morphogenetic processes.

	Prerequisites
	PROPAEDEUTICITY AND BARRIERS AS PER ART 11 OF THE PUBLISHED LEARNING REGULATION

	Contents
	HISTOLOGY: Methods and means of investigation for the observation of cells, tissues and Organs. Cell differentiation. Histogenesis. Chemical communication between cells. Coating epithelia. Sensory and particularly differentiated epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands, their classification and morphological organization. Supporting tissues: connective tissue proper and variants. Cellular elements, fibers and connective matrix. Connective tissues with special properties. The white, brown, beige and pink adipose tissue. Their function, regulation and endocrine action. Cartilage tissue. Bone tissue, its organization and metabolism. Types of ossification. Bone remodeling. Blood and lymph. Hematopoiesis in the embryo and in adults. The bone marrow. Lymphoid tissue and its role in immunocompetence. Thymus function and positive and negative clonal selection. Muscle tissue: smooth, skeletal striatum and cardiac striatum. Molecular basis of muscle contraction. Nervous tissue and neurosis. Synapses: training and role. Motive plate. Peripheral nerve structure. Of all tissues it is necessary to know histophysiology and clinical correlations. For students of the Medical course: principles of histophysiology and physiology of the immune system (innate and acquired immunity, molecular mechanisms and clinical correlations, immunotherapy rationale); stem cells: types, niche, clinical correlations. EMBRIOLOGY: Reproduction. Molecular mechanisms of development. The male and female gonads. Gametogenesis. Fertilization. Preparation for nesting. First and second week of development: segmentation, formation of the embryonic area. Third week: gastrulation, primary EMT. Notochord. Fourth week: folding of the embryo and delimitation of the embryonic area. Evolution of the ectoderm: formation of the neural tube. Primary, definitive and derivative brain vesicles. Placodes. Evolution of the mesoderm: somites, intermediate mesoderm, lateral mesoderm and their derivatives. Development of the urogenital system. Evolution of the endoderm: formation of the primitive intestine and its differentiation. Cloaca and its derivations. Respiratory system development. Pharyngeal apparatus and its derivatives. Face development. Development of teeth and their anomalies. Formation of bones and muscles. Development of the cardiovascular system. Development of embryonic annexes. Developmental defects and malformations of all apparatuses and systems. At each stage of development, it is necessary to know the genes, processes and molecules involved.

Contents

HISTOLOGY: Methods and means of investigation for the observation of cells, tissues and
Organs. Cell differentiation. Histogenesis. Chemical communication between cells.
Coating epithelia. Sensory and particularly differentiated epithelia. Exocrine and endocrine glands, their classification and morphological organization. Supporting tissues: connective tissue proper and variants. Cellular elements, fibers and connective matrix. Connective tissues with special properties. The white, brown, beige and pink adipose tissue. Their function, regulation and endocrine action.
Cartilage tissue. Bone tissue, its organization and metabolism. Types of ossification. Bone remodeling.
Blood and lymph. Hematopoiesis in the embryo and in adults. The bone marrow. Lymphoid tissue and its role in immunocompetence. Thymus function and positive and negative clonal selection.
Muscle tissue: smooth, skeletal striatum and cardiac striatum. Molecular basis of muscle contraction.
Nervous tissue and neurosis. Synapses: training and role. Motive plate. Peripheral nerve structure.
Of all tissues it is necessary to know histophysiology and clinical correlations.
For students of the Medical course: principles of histophysiology and physiology of the immune system (innate and acquired immunity, molecular mechanisms and clinical correlations, immunotherapy rationale); stem cells: types, niche, clinical correlations.
EMBRIOLOGY: Reproduction. Molecular mechanisms of development. The male and female gonads. Gametogenesis. Fertilization. Preparation for nesting. First and second week of development: segmentation, formation of the embryonic area.
Third week: gastrulation, primary EMT. Notochord.
Fourth week: folding of the embryo and delimitation of the embryonic area.
Evolution of the ectoderm: formation of the neural tube. Primary, definitive and derivative brain vesicles. Placodes.
Evolution of the mesoderm: somites, intermediate mesoderm, lateral mesoderm and their derivatives.
Development of the urogenital system.
Evolution of the endoderm: formation of the primitive intestine and its differentiation. Cloaca and its derivations. Respiratory system development.
Pharyngeal apparatus and its derivatives. Face development. Development of teeth and their anomalies.
Formation of bones and muscles.
Development of the cardiovascular system.
Development of embryonic annexes.
Developmental defects and malformations of all apparatuses and systems.
At each stage of development, it is necessary to know the genes, processes and molecules involved.

	Teaching Methods
	Frontal lessons with active participation of students in the various parts of the lessons with projection of images or videos. Exercise on images of histological preparations. Observation of new laboratory methodologies. Tutoring for students who need more help.

	Verification of learning
	The achievement of the teaching objectives is certified by passing an exam, expressed with a score out of thirty. The exam includes an oral test that will aim to assess the student's level of knowledge through the use of images. The student will have to demonstrate the ability to recognize and describe the fundamental tissues and their variants and to have understood the mechanisms of cell differentiation, cell interactions, histogenesis and their relationship with diseases. In embryology, he must demonstrate knowledge of the developmental stages and the morphogenetic mechanisms and their alterations in the course of oncogenesis and other pathologies. The exam is aimed at assessing that the student knows the fundamental principles of the discipline. The mark, expressed in thirtieths with possible honors, will depend on the maturity acquired on the course content. For the purpose of awarding the honors, the quality of the oral exposure will be taken into account, in terms of the use of appropriate scientific language and the autonomy of judgment demonstrated.

Verification of learning

The achievement of the teaching objectives is certified by passing an exam, expressed with a score out of thirty.
The exam includes an oral test that will aim to assess the student's level of knowledge through the use of images. The student will have to demonstrate the ability to recognize and describe the fundamental tissues and their variants and to have understood the mechanisms of cell differentiation, cell interactions, histogenesis and their relationship with diseases. In embryology, he must demonstrate knowledge of the developmental stages and the morphogenetic mechanisms and their alterations in the course of oncogenesis and other pathologies.
The exam is aimed at assessing that the student knows the fundamental principles of the discipline. The mark, expressed in thirtieths with possible honors, will depend on the maturity acquired on the course content. For the purpose of awarding the honors, the quality of the oral exposure will be taken into account, in terms of the use of appropriate scientific language and the autonomy of judgment demonstrated.

	Texts
	Textbook and course materials: A.A. Vari “ISTOLOGIA di V. MONESI” Piccin Editore G. Papaccio - V. Tirino “Atlante di Istologìa” III edizione Idelson-Gnocchi Editore De Felici et al. “Embriologiaa Umana” Piccin Editore Langman Embriologia Medica Ross Pawlina Istologia Ambrosiana Further textbooks and scientific papers from the current literature will be suggested during the course